To mitigate SOC inconsistency during operation, this paper proposes a fuzzy control-based hierarchical active equalization strategy, specifically designed for lead–carbon battery energy
By introducing a hierarchical active balancing fuzzy control strategy within the BMS, the proposed approach effectively mitigates inconsistency issues in lead-carbon battery energy storage
ries and/or parallel configurations and housed in enclosures. BESS are widely used for various applications, such as grid support, renewable energy integration, backup p wer, peak shaving,
This paper studies the frequency regulation strategy of large-scale battery energy storage in the power grid system from the perspectives of battery energy storage, battery
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