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More recently, the analysis was extended to the effects of spectral bias due to the specular reflectivity of 22 commonly occurring surface materials (both human-made and natural) and
More recently, the analysis was extended to the effects of spectral bias due to the specular reflectivity of 22 commonly occurring surface materials (both human-made and natural) and
In the present work, the authors have attempted to design a solar cement plant for supplying solar energy to the cement industry. A case study was done, which investigated a
This method is particularly advantageous for existing cement plants, as it offers a cost-effective route for decarbonization without requiring capital-intensive infrastructure
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Concentrated solar power system is designed for cement industry. Substitution of required thermal energy ranging from 100% to 50% is studied. 7600 heliostats with 570 ha land required for 50% conventional energy replacement with solar energy. Selected conventional cement plant could save 419 thousand tons of CO 2 annually.
Anyway, solar integration in auxiliary processes to the kiln system like preheating of combustion air and fuel, can be conceivable. Regarding all these, a stepwise solar hybridization into existing cement plants is required, as well as a storage system to achieve higher solar fractions and to operate the cement process continuously.
Solar and thermal energy needed to run the solar reactor for the calcination of raw material in cement production using a heat balance equation is as follows: Solar incident power on the solar reactor (Gonzalez and Flamant, 2013): (7) Q S R = Q r x n + Q h r m 1 − % Q l The mirror surface needed: (8) S m i r r o r = Q S R η S F D N I
Scaling up solar reactors, transportation system for raw and calcined material, and storing of calcined materials are the major barriers. Conventional cement plant that is situated in a location with a DNI value of more than 438 (W/m 2) can use this solar design model. It must have adequate land for installing a large number of heliostats.