Total Cost of Ownership Analysis: Outdoor Cabinet Selection
From product durability and maintenance costs to energy consumption and environmental impact, TCO analysis provides a comprehensive framework for selecting cabinets that align with both
From product durability and maintenance costs to energy consumption and environmental impact, TCO analysis provides a comprehensive framework for selecting cabinets that align with both
Applications in various bridge components, such as the piers, girders, decks, and link slabs used for jointless bridges have been summarized. This review also discusses future
Abstract There is a growing interest in expanding the use of Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) from bridge deck joints for accelerated bridge construction to complex architectural
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By considering the equivalent annual cost, the cost of the UHPC bridge can be smaller than that of the normal bridge, as the UHPC bridge can extend the structural service life. By considering the life-cycle cost and equivalent annual cost, different decisions associated with the UHPC and normal bridges can be made.
By comparing the bridges with different service lives using UHPC and normal concrete, the equivalent annual cost is used. By considering the equivalent annual cost, the cost of the UHPC bridge can be smaller than that of the normal bridge, as the UHPC bridge can extend the structural service life.
As the use of UHPC can result in a reduction of construction time and number of workers, it has the significant potential to improve construction and repair efficiency. By considering this aspect, the life-cycle cost of the UHPC bridge has the potential to be less than that of the normal bridge.
The structural performance indicators (e.g., environmental impacts, life-cycle cost) are assessed for the normal bridge and UHPC bridge. The computational flowchart of the performance indicators is shown in Fig. 8. In this section, the environmental impacts associated with these two bridges are investigated in a life cycle context.