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Employing solar energy to drive crude oil refineries is one of the investigated pathways for using renewable energy sources to support lowering the carbon emissions and environmental impact of operating the processing of fossil-based fuels.
Other studies in the literature considered coupling solar energy systems to oil refineries to decarbonize their operation. The applicability and feasibility of introducing a concentrated solar power (CSP) system to reduce partial reliance on process heaters of a crude oil refinery was studied by Danish et al. .
In Absi Halabi et al. , the application of solar energy in the oil industry is reviewed. As noted there, petroleum (oil) energy is the major contributor to energy inputs worldwide, with 34.25%, meaning 172 EJ (Exa Joules = 10 18 J).
A techno-economic analysis of solar catalytic chemical looping biomass refinery for sustainable production of high purity hydrogen. Energy Convers. Manage. 243, 114341 (2021) Mohammed, S.A.; Al-Azawiey, S.S.; Ali, A.H.: Treatment of organic compounds resulting from oil refineries under solar light and reuse it for industrial purpose.
Tapping into the limited but existing opportunities for deploying energy storage systems (ESS) is vital for expanding their role in Indonesiaʼs power sector. At present, the greatest potential for ESS deployment lies in smaller and/or isolated systems, as well as in industrial or large scale commercial solar rooftop PV with BESS.
The facility’s importance is underscored by Indonesia’s limited oil reserves, which currently last only 21 days. Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Bahlil Lahadalia emphasized the urgency of increasing storage capacity to safeguard the nation’s energy resilience.
Read here! Indonesia plans to build a major oil storage facility near Singapore, aiming to enhance energy self-sufficiency, reduce reliance on volatile global markets, and strengthen national energy resilience.
As the Oliver Wyman study notes, neither Indonesia’s grid nor its storage infrastructure is currently ready to absorb significantly more renewables. Long-Duration Energy Storage (LDES) is crucial for balancing supply and demand over days and seasons, enabling a reliable supply of Indonesia renewable energy.
Energy storage technologies, store energy either as electricity or heat/cold, so it can be used at a later time. With the growth in electric vehicle sales, battery storage costs have fallen rapidly due to economies of scale and technology improvements.
Small-scale lithium-ion residential battery systems in the German market suggest that between 2014 and 2020, battery energy storage systems (BESS) prices fell by 71%, to USD 776/kWh.
Hence, the cost-efficient size of the battery energy storage system increases as the battery market prices drop equal to 2 kWh for the scenario in which the battery system’s market price is equal to 200 €/kWh and reaches over 8 kWh when the market prices ideally drop to around 100 €/kWh.
The 2020 Cost and Performance Assessment provided installed costs for six energy storage technologies: lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, lead-acid batteries, vanadium redox flow batteries, pumped storage hydro, compressed-air energy storage, and hydrogen energy storage.
